Harvard referencing is a specific style of referencing. This style is often referred to as the 'author-date' style. As there is no single authority to define this style, several different versions of Harvard Referencing exist. Please refer to this guide for the specific version used within Dublin Business School.
All Business students within Dublin Business School are required to use the Harvard referencing format in their assignments and exams.
DBS recommends using Cite them Right for more information about Harvard Referencing.
Click on the link above to be taken to the eBook version.
Authors
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
According to Trott (2017, p.59) innovation has...
Innovation has... (Trott, 2017, p.59)
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Trott, P. (2017) Innovation management and new product development. 6th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Lechner and Boli (2012, p.4) argue that...
...global warming is a result of the release of greenhouse gases in developed countries (Lechner and Boli, 2012, p.4)
Reference List
Editor Surname, Initial(s). (ed.) (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Lechner, F.J. and Boli, J. (eds.) (2012) The globalization reader. 4th edn. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
In Larson and Gray (2014, p.26) the duties of project managers...
The duties of project managers have expanded from an operational to a more strategic level (Larson and Gray, 2014, p.26).
Reference List
First Author Surname, Initial(s), Second Author Surname, Initial(s), and tThird Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Larson, E.W. and Gray, C.F. (2014) Project management: the managerial process. 6th edn. New York: McGraw-Hill.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Slack et al. (2015, p.6) explains that large business have used operations and process management principles...
...large business have used operations and process management principles (Slack et al., 2015, p.6)
Reference List
First Author Surname, Initial(s), Second Author Surname, Initial(s), Third Author Surname, Initial(s), and Fourth Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., Johnston, R. and Betts, A. (2015) Operations and process management: principles and practice for strategic impact. 4th edn. Harlow: Pearson Education.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
In the
Debenture is defined as...(Dictionary of Business Terms, 2008, p.40)
Reference List
Title. (Year) Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Dictionary of Business Terms (2008) Wokingham: Kaplan Publishing.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Statistics from the Department of Agriculture (2000) show that...
Statistics from sheep breeding programmes show...(Department of Agriculture, 2000)
Reference List
Organisation Name (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development (2000) Pedigree sheep breed improvement programme: performance results for lambs summer 2000. Cavan: Department of Agriculture, Food and Rural Development.
Special cases
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Hamad (2018, p.21) discusses the idea that...
The idea that information architecture is...(Hamad, 2018, p.21)
Reference List
Chapter Author(s) Surname, Initials. (Year) 'Chapter Title', in Editor(s) Surname, Initials (ed). Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, page range.
Hamad, F. (2018) 'Approaches to information architecture', in Urquhart C., Hamad, F., Tbaishat, D. and Yeoman, A. (eds). Information systems: process and practice. London: Facet Publishing, pp. 9-31.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Laudon and Traver (2017, 2018) explain that...
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G. (2017) E-commerce 2017: business, technology, society. 13th edn. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
Laudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G. (2018) E-commerce 2018: business, technology, society. 14th edn. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The view proposed by Godfrey (2013a, 2013b) ...
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year a) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year b) Title. Edition (if not first edition). Place of publication: Publisher.
Godfrey, J. (2013a) How to use your reading in your essays. 2nd edn. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Godfrey, J. (2013b) The student phrase book: vocabulary for writing at university. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Notes:
Use the name of the city in which the publisher is located in your reference. If there is more than one city listed (e.g. New York, London, etc.) use the nearest geographical place or the location of the publisher’s head office.
If the town/city is not well known, you may add a county, region or state. For instance if the book was published in Harlow, you add the county Harlow is located in e.g. Essex. Note, in the USA states are denoted by a two letter code, e.g. NJ = New Jersey.
This and other bibliographic information, can be found on the back of the book's title page
When an eBook looks like a printed book (has publication details and page information), you should reference it the same way as a printed book. When no page information is available use what you do have:
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The principles of good accounting practice, as set out by Dyson and Franklin (2017, p. 19)
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of Publication: Publisher. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Dyson, J. and Franklin, E. (2017) Accounting for non-accounting students 9th edn. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education. Available at: ProQuest Ebook Central https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/dbsie/reader.action?docID=5185890 (Accessed: 26 October 2023)
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
A powerful narrative by Lara James (2017, no pagination) ...
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) Title. Edition (if not the first edition). Place of Publication: Publisher (if available). Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
James, L. (2017) Odd girl out: an autistic woman in a neurotypical world. Available at: Audible https://www.audible.co.uk/ (Accessed: 26 October 2023)
In-Text Citation
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...small businesses struggle to measure the value of sponsorship (Meenaghan, 2018, p. 16) .
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) 'Article title',
Journal Title
, Volume Number(Issue Number), page range.
Meenaghan, T. (2018) 'Taking sponsorship to the next level',
Irish Marketing Journal,
44(6), pp. 16-18.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
According to Satell (2018, p. 21) , "We need to prepare for a new era of innovation, one in which technologies such as genomics, materials science, and robotics rise to the fore".
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) 'Article title',
Journal Title
, Volume Number(Issue Number), page range. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Satell, G. (2018) 'The industrial era ended, and so will the digital era: interaction',
Harvard Business Review,
96(5), pp. 21. Available at:
https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,shib,cookie,url&db=bth&AN=131374484&site=ehost-live&scope=site
(Accessed: 26 October 2023).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Findings by Sweeney and Hughes (2017, p. 24) indicate...
Reference List
Author(s) Surname, Initial(s). (Year) 'Article title',
Journal Title
, Volume Number(Issue Number), page range. Available at: DOI (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Sweeney, S. and Hughes, D. (2017) 'Integrating visual literacy training into the business curriculum. A case study at Dublin Business School',
DBS Business Review,
1(10). Available at:
https://doi.org/10.22375/dbsbr.v1.7
(Accessed: 16 November 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Reference List
Special Cases
For example: 'The abstract highlights...'
Note: The reference would follow the same rules as a journal article.For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...to curb their public debts and deficit spending (Peel, 2010) .
Reference List
Author Surname, Initials (Year) 'Article title',
Newspaper Name
, Day and Month, Section and page number (if available).
Peel, Q. (2010) 'Berlin pushes for global curbs'.
Financial Times,
, 21 May, p.6.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...Google is in danger of incurring large fines from the EU ( The Irish Times , 2018) .
Reference List
Author Surname, Initials (if not available, Newspaper Name) (Year) 'Article title',
Newspaper Name
, Day and Month. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
The Irish Times
(2018) 'Google accused of abusing location tracking tools',
The Irish Times
, 27 November. Available at:
http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2010/0524/breaking29.html
(Accessed: 27 November 2018).
Evaluating Websites
You should always ask the question "Is this website reliable?" when using the internet for research.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
… 14% of all 9-11 year olds already had significant hearing loss (Gottlieb and Gottlieb, 2018).
Reference List
Author Surname, Initials. (Year)
'Title'
. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Gottlieb, J. and Gottlieb, J. (2018)
'Custom earbuds could say your hearing. Why haven't they taken off?'
Available at:
https://www.fastcompany.com/90266524/customearbuds-could-save-your-hearing-why-havent-theytaken-off
(Accessed: 16 November 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
... outlines the measures government departments have taken to remove barriers to employment creation (Department of Enterprise, Trade and Innovation, 2018).
Reference List
Organisation Name (Year)
'Title'
. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Department of Enterprise, Trade and Innovation (2018)
'Action-Plan-for-Jobs-2018-Progress-Report.pdf'
. Available at:
https://dbei.gov.ie/en/Publications/Publication-files/Action-Plan-for-Jobs-2018-First-Progress-Report.pdf
(Accessed: 16 November 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...explains the features of an investment scam (Investments Scams, 2018).
Reference List
Title
(Year) Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Investment Scams
(2018) Available at:
https://www.moneysmart.gov.au/scams/investmentscams
(Accessed: 16 November 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The prime minister will say "progress will not always be smooth"
Reference List
Title. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Theresa May: 'We can prove Brexit doomsayers wrong' (2017). Available at:
http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41546701
(Accessed: 9th October 2017).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Verity et al. (2018) noted that the Olympics had a detrimental effect on sales.
Reference List
Author Surname, Initial (Year)
Title of podcast
[Podcast]. Day/Month of posting. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Verity, A.
et al.
(2018)
Retail sales figures
[Podcast]. 4 September. Available at:
http://bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/money
(Accessed: 25 September 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Internal networks are critical (Oracle Business Sense, 2018)
Reference List
Title of podcast
(Year). [Podcast]. Day/Month of posting. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Oracle Business Sense (2018)
Structure
[Podcast]. 12 June. Available at:
http://www.guardian.co.uk/podcast/0,,329509709,00.xml
(Accessed: 17 October 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
When mixing the plaster (Leponline, 2017, 02:00) ...
Reference List
Person/Organisation posting the video (Year)
Title
Date of upload if available. Available at: URL or name of streaming service (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Lancashire Post (2009)
Ask the experts - plastering
. Available at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J9wpceIlxCU
(Accessed: 13 January 2017).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
By making Mars inhabitable (National Geographic, 2018) ...
Reference List
Person/Organisation posting the video (Year)
Title
Date of upload if available. Available at: URL or name of streaming service (Accessed: Day Month Year).
National Geographic (2018)
Could we terraform Mars?
1 November. Available at:
https://www.instagram.com/p/BppNEWllmRh/
(Accessed: 21 July 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The HIQUA report noted the need for investment in ambulance services (Vradkar, 2014) .
Reference List
Author of the post (Year) 'Title or description of the post' [Name of social media platform]. Day/month of post. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Vradkar, L. (2014).
HIQUA report can be catalyst for further improvement of ambulance services.
[Facebook]. 2 December. Available at:
http://leovaradkar.ie/2014/12/hiqa-report-can-be-catalyst-for-further-improvement-of-ambulance-services-varadkar
(Accessed: 7 February 2019).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
He offered her a slice of cake (Tusk, 2018) ...
Reference List
Author of the post (Year) 'Title or description of the post' [Name of social media platform]. Day/month of post. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Tusk, D. (2018) 'A piece of cake perhaps?' [Instagram]. 20 September. Available at:
https://www.instagram.com/p/Bn8Luwbjzf9/
(Accessed: 7 February 2019).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Laura Kuenssberg (2018) tweeted on the party conference.
Reference List
Author of the post (Year) 'Title or description of the post' [Name of social media platform]. Day/month of post. Available at: URL (Accessed: Day Month Year).
Kuenssberg, L. (2018) 'Anyone might imagine that inside he's a tiny bit pleased' [Twitter] 25 September. Available at:
https://twitter.com/bbclaurak/status/104455397227781733
(Accessed: 19 December 2018).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
General house characterisitcs were recorded by Ambrose (2018) .
Reference List
Author Surname, Initials (Year) 'Title of data'. Available: URL or DOI (Accessed: Day Month Year)
Ambrose, M. (2018) 'Air infiltration results for 129 Australian dwellings, vol. 1'. Available at:
https://doi.org/10.25919/5ca54346ef256
(Accessed: 4 July 2019).