IEEE referencing is a specific, numerical style of referencing. When inputting an in-text citation in this style, IEEE reference appears after the reference in square brackets and is treated as if it is a footnote number.
e.g. "This quote," [1], and "this is another quote," [2]. etc.
Computing students within Dublin Business School have the option of using either IEEE referencing format or the Harvard referencing format in their assignments.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
According to Trott [1] innovation has helped...
Reference List
[1] P. Trott, Innovation Management and New Product Development , 6th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2017.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The discipline of software engineering has grown steadily...[2]
Reference List
[2] R. Pressman, and B.R. Maxim, Software Engineering: A Practitioner's Approach , 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2014.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
It has been suggested that it is simpler to write your code with fragments at the early stages of an app's development...[3]
Reference List
[3] K. Marsicano, A. Brandon-Jones, B. Gardiner, B. Phillips and C. Stewart, Operations and Process Management: Principles and Practice for Strategic Impact , 4th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2015.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The security of the cloud may hinder its further development [4].
Reference List
[4] Z. Mahmood, "Attacks in public clouds: can they hinder the rise of the cloud" in Cloud Computing: Challenges, Limitations and R&D Solutions , Z. Mahmood Ed. London: Springer International, 2014.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Hamad [5] discusses the idea that...
Reference List
[5] F. Hamad, "Approaches to information architecture", in Information Systems: Process and Practice , C. Urquhart, F. Hamad, D. Tbaishat and A. Yeoman, Eds. London: Facet Publishing, 2018, pp. 9-31.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Laudon and Laudon [6], [7] explain that...
Reference List
[6] K.C. Laudon and J.P. Laudon,
Management Information Systems: Managing The Digital Firm
, 7th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2001.
[7] K.C. Laudon and J.P. Laudon,
Essentials of Management Information Systems
, 8th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2009.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The view proposed by Atrill and McLaney [8], [9]...
Reference List
[8] P. Atrill and E. McLaney,
Accounting and Finance for Non-Specialists
, 11th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2019.
[9]P. Atrill and E. McLaney,
Financial Accounting for Decision Makers
, 9th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2019.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
[10] Debenture is define as...
Reference List
[10] Dictionary of Business Terms , Wokingham: Kaplan Publishing, 2018.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
According to Stiglitz [11, Loc. 1956] the...
Smith [12, Cha. 5, Sec. 4, Para. 9] stated...
Jones [13, No Pagination] warned that...
Reference List
[11] J. Stiglitz,
The Price of Inequality
[Name of eBook reader] London: Penguin, 2013.
Note:
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
There are three principles of classical cyptography as set out by Katz and Lindell [14]...
Reference List
[14] J. Katz and Y. Lindell, Introduction to Modern Cryptography , 2nd ed. London: CRC Press, 2025. [Online] Available: ProQuest eBook Central.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...these funds are now redomiciling in Ireland [15].
Reference List
[15] M. Camlin and C. O'Leary, "Ireland's onshore funds model", Fin. Dublin, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 13-14, 2010.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
According to Wieckowski [16], "the suburbs have lost their sheen".
Reference List
[16] A. Wieckowski (2010) "Back to the city", Harvard Busi. Review, vol. 88, vol. 5, pp.23-25, 2010. EBSCOhost [Online] Available: https://hbr.org/2010/05/back-to-the-city [Accessed: 25 May 2010].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Analysis by Busato, Chiarini and Marchetti [17] depicts tax evasion as...
Reference List
[17] F. Busato, C. Chiarini and E.Marchetti. "Tax Shocks, Sunspots and Tax Evasion", The Open Eco. Journal, vol. 3, pp. 14-24. 2010. DOAJ [Online] Available: https://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOECONSJ/TOECONSJ-3-14.pdf [Accessed: 25 May 2010].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...to curb their public debts and deficit spending [18].
Reference List
[18] Q. Peel. "Berlin pushes for global curbs." Fin. Times, p. 6, May 23, 2010.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...which is currently running close to 11 per cent of GDP [19].
Reference List
[19] " British chancellor unveils £6.25bn in spending cuts ", The Irish Times, 24 May 2010. [Online]. Available: https://www.irishtimes.com/news/british-chancellor-unveils-6-25bn-in-spending-cuts-1.858451 [Accessed: 24 May 2010]. (Accessed: 24 May 2010).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
It was noted recently by Mintel [20]...
Reference List
[20] Mintel "Non-traditional Financial Services Providers - Evaluating the role of NTPs in Ireland", Mintel oxygen reports platform, Irish series. 2009. [Online]. Available: https://reports.mintel.com/display/459141/
Evaluating Websites
You should always ask the question "Is this website reliable?" when using the internet for research.
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
In a bid to create a more profitable service [21]...
Reference List
[21] S. Todd. "Fine tuning spa menus with CRASE". Leisure Management. [Online]. http://www.leisuremanagement.co.uk/detail1.cfm?pagetype=detail&subject=news&codeID=193993&site=LM [Accessed: May 24, 2010].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
...should help in identifying those patterns [22].
Reference List
[22] Department of Enterprise, Trade and Innovation. "Credit Supply Clearing Group". [Online]. https://onf.ie/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/Your-Business-Your-Bank-1.pdf [Accessed: May 24, 2010].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The prime minister will say "progress will not always be smooth" [23]
Reference List
[23] "Theresa May: 'We can prove Brexit doomsayers wrong'". [Online]. http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-41546701 [Accessed: Oct. 9, 2017].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
A financial instrument that references and offers economic exposure to the performance of an equity asset...[24]
Reference List
[24] "Equity Derivative | Practical Law" [Online]. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/9-509-2405?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default) [Accessed: May 25, 2010].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
[Code example] [25].
Reference List
[25] C. Parnot. ' Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, 1.0 ' GitHub. 2012. [Source Code]. Available at: https://github.com/citation-style-language/styles/blob/master/cellular-and-molecular-bioengineering.csl [Accessed: Jan. 11 2019].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
General house characteristics were recorded by Ambrose [26]
Reference List
[26] M. Ambrose, Air Infiltration Results for 129 Australian Dwellings, vol. 1, Canberra: CSIRO , 2018. [Dataset]. Available: https://doi.org/10.25919/5ca54346ef256 [Accessed July 4 2019].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Use of Mixed Mode-Mixed level Circuit Simulator [27]
Reference List
[27] D.W. Arning et al. Mixed Mode-Mixed level Circuit Simulator (2011). Ngspice. [Online]. Available: http://ngspice.sourceforge.net [Accessed: Jan. 11, 2019].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
"a collection of preprogrammed templates that implement a behavior when invoked" [28]
Reference List
[28] "library. Github Topics. Github". [Online]. https://github.com/topics/library [Accessed: Oct. 9 2017].
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Verity et al. noted that the Olympics had a detrimental effect of sales [29].
Reference List
[29] A. Verity, et al. Retail sales figures (2018) Accessed: Sept. 4th 2022 [Podcast]. Available: http://bbc.co.uk/podcasts/series/money
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Internal networks are critical [30]...
Reference List
[30] Oracle Business Sense Structure (2013) Accessed: 17 October 2018. Available: http://www.guardian.co.uk/podcast/0,,329509709,00.xml
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
By making Mars inhabitable [31]...
Reference List
[31] National Geographic. Could we terraform Mars? (1 November 2018). Accessed: 21 July 2022 Available: https://www.instagram.com/p/BppNEWllmRh/
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
The HIQUA report noted the need for investment in ambulance services [32].
Reference List
[32] L. Varadkar, "HIQUA report can be catalyst for further improvement of ambulance services." Facebook. 2 December 2014. Available: http://leovaradkar.ie/2014/12/hiqa-report-can-be-catalyst-for-further-improvement-of-ambulance-services-varadkar (Accessed: 7 February 2019)
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
He offered her a slice of cake [33]...
Reference List
[33] D. Tusk. "A piece of cake perhaps?" Instagram. 20 September 2018. Available at: https://www.instagram.com/p/Bn8Luwbjzf9/ (Accessed: 7 February 2019).
For an in-text citation, you would cite the source as follows:
Laura Kuenssberg tweeted on the party conference [34].
Reference List
[34] L. Kuenssberg. @bbclaurak. "anyone might imagine that inside he's a tiny bit pleased". Twitter. 25 September 2018. Available at: https://twitter.com/bbclaurak/status/104455397227781733 (Accessed: 19 December 2022).